Cold and Flu

Colds are caused by viruses that attack the nose and throat, leading to inflammation which could cause a blocked or runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, sore throat, and a cough.

Influenza or flu is caused by different group of viruses. It can lead to fever, headaches, body aches, tiredness, a sore throat, cough, loss of appetite and nausea.

How to treat at home

• Stay home and get lots of rest

• Take a warm bath to help relax and sooth your body aches

• Drink lots of fluids

• Massage mentholated or vapour rubs onto your chest, neck and back to help you breathe better, especially before sleeping

• Cold and flu can be treated with over-the-counter medications, such as Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and antihistamines. Speak to your pharmacist if you are unsure how to take the medication, especially if you have any allergies, other medical conditions or are currently on other medications

See your pharmacist if:

• Further advice on how to manage your symptoms is needed. Your pharmacist can also recommend other medications for your condition or advise if you need to see a GP, or visit the emergency department

See your GP if you:

• If your condition gets worse or does not get better in two weeks

• Have a fever of 38°C or higher

• Have cough with thick phlegm that is yellow or green or contains some blood

• Have difficulty in breathing

• Are 65 years old and over with multiple long-term medical conditions

• Are pregnant

• Have long-term medical condition(s) like asthma, lung disease, heart disease, diabetes or kidney disease

There is no need to visit the emergency department for a cold or flu, unless your GP says so.